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Executive Yuan

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Executive Yuan
行政院
Xíngzhèng Yuàn (Mandarin)
Hêng-chèng-īⁿ (Taiwanese Hokkien)
Hàng-chṳn Yen (Hakka)
Agency overview
Formed25 October 1928 (in mainland China)
10 March 1950 (in Taipei)
Preceding
Dissolved1 October 1949 (mainland China)
JurisdictionGovernment of the Republic of China
StatusActive in the Free area of the Republic of China, defunct in Mainland China
HeadquartersNo. 1, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Zhongzheng, Taipei
Agency executives
WebsiteOfficial website
Executive Yuan
Chinese行政院
Literal meaningExecutive Court
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXíngzhèng Yuàn
Bopomofoㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄩㄢˋ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhShynjenq Yuann
Wade–GilesHsing2-cheng4 Yüan4
Tongyong PinyinSíngjhèng Yuàn
MPS2Shíngjèng Yuàn
Hakka
RomanizationHàng-chṳn Yen
Southern Min
Hokkien POJHêng-chèng Īⁿ
Tâi-lôHîng-tsìng Īnn

The Executive Yuan (Chinese: 行政院; pinyin: Xíngzhèng Yuàn) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Under the amended constitution, the head of the Executive Yuan is the Premier who is positioned as the head of government and has the power to appoint members to serve in the cabinet, while the ROC President is the head of state under the semi-presidential system, who can appoint the Premier and nominate the members of the cabinet.[3] The Premier may be removed by a vote of no-confidence by a majority of the Legislative Yuan, after which the President may either remove the Premier or dissolve the Legislative Yuan and initiate a new election for legislators.[3]

Organization and structure

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Executive Yuan

The Executive Yuan is headed by the Premier (or President of the Executive Yuan) and includes its Vice Premier, twelve cabinet ministers, various chairpersons of commissions, and five to nine ministers without portfolio. The Vice Premier, ministers, and chairpersons are appointed by the President of the Republic of China on the recommendation of the Premier.[4]

Its formation, as one of five branches ("Yuans") of the government, stemmed from the Three Principles of the People, the constitutional theory of Sun Yat-sen, but was adjusted constitutionally over the years to adapt to the situation in the ROC by changes in the laws and the Constitution of the Republic of China.

Members

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Leaders

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Name Leader
English Name Chinese
Premier 院長 Cho Jung-tai
Vice Premier 副院長 Cheng Li-chun
Secretary-General 秘書長 Kung Ming-hsin

Ministries

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Name Minister
English Name Chinese
Interior 內政部 Liu Shyh-fang
Foreign Affairs 外交部 Lin Chia-lung
National Defense 國防部 Wellington Koo
Finance 財政部 Chuang Tsui-yun
Education 教育部 Cheng Ying-yao
Justice 法務部 Cheng Ming-chien
Economic Affairs 經濟部 J.W. Kuo
Transportation and Communications 交通部 Li Meng-yen
Labor 勞動部 Ho Pei-shan
Health and Welfare 衛生福利部 Chiu Tai-yuan
Culture 文化部 Li Yuan
Digital Affairs 數位發展部 Huang Yen-nun
Agriculture 農業部 Chen Junne-jih
Environment 環境部 Peng Chi-ming

Councils and commissions

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Empowered by various laws or the Constitution, under the Executive Yuan Council several individual boards are formed to enforce different executive functions of the government. Unless regulated otherwise, the chairs are appointed by and answer to the Premier. The members of the boards are usually (a) governmental officials for the purpose of interdepartmental coordination and cooperation; or (b) creditable professionals for their reputation and independence.

  To be merged into other organs
Name Minister
English Name Chinese
National Development Council 國家發展委員會 Liu Jin-ching
National Science and Technology Council 國家科學及技術委員會 Wu Cheng-wen
Mainland Affairs Council 大陸委員會 Chiu Chui-cheng
Financial Supervisory Commission 金融監督管理委員會 Peng Jin-Lung
Ocean Affairs Council 海洋委員會 Kuan Bi-ling
Overseas Community Affairs Council 僑務委員會 Hsu Chia-ching
Veterans Affairs Council 國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會 Yen Teh-fa
Council of Indigenous Peoples 原住民族委員會 Tseng Chih-Yung
Hakka Affairs Council 客家委員會 Ku Hsiu-Fei
Public Construction Commission 公共工程委員會 Dereck Chen
National Palace Museum 國立故宮博物院 Hsiao Tsung-huang
Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics 主計總處 Chen Shu-Tzu
Directorate-General of Personnel Administration 人事行政總處 Su Chun-jung

Independent commissions

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There are independent executive commissions under the Executive Yuan Council. Members of these commissions have to be confirmed by the Legislative Yuan.

Name Chair
English Name Chinese
Central Election Commission 中央選舉委員會 Lee Chin-yung
Fair Trade Commission 公平交易委員會 Lee Mei
National Communications Commission 國家通訊傳播委員會 Chen Yaw-shyang
Central Bank 中央銀行 Yang Chin-long

Other organs

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Name Leader
English Name Chinese
Minister without Portfolio 政務委員 Chen Shih-chung
Minister without Portfolio 政務委員 Shih Che
Minister without Portfolio 政務委員 Dereck Chen
Minister without Portfolio 政務委員 Yang Jen-ni
Minister without Portfolio 政務委員 Lin Min-hsin
Minister without Portfolio 政務委員 Chi Lien-cheng
Minister without Portfolio 政務委員 Liu Jin-ching
Minister without Portfolio 政務委員 Wu Cheng-wen
Spokesperson 發言人 Chen Shih-kai

Organizations no longer under Executive Yuan

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Former site of Executive Yuan in Presidential Palace Complex (1928–1937)
Former site of Executive Yuan in Gulou District, Nanjing (1946–1949)

Duencies may be dissolved or merged with other agencies. Based on Executive Yuan website, the following bodies are no longer agencies under the Executive Yuan:[5]

Dissolved or ceased to function

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Ministers without portfolio

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In the Executive Yuan Council, the current ministers without portfolio are:[8]

Executive Yuan Council

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The Executive Yuan Council, commonly referred to as "The Cabinet" (內閣), is the chief policymaking organ of the ROC government. It consists of the premier, who presides over its meetings, the vice premier, ministers without portfolio, the heads of the ministries, and the heads of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission. The secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general of the Executive Yuan also attend, as well as heads of other Executive Yuan organizations by invitation, but they have no vote. Article 58 of the Constitution empowers the Executive Yuan Council to evaluate statutory and budgetary bills concerning martial law, amnesty, declarations of war, conclusion of peace or treaties, and other important affairs before submission to the Legislative Yuan.

Relationship with the Legislative Yuan

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The Executive Yuan Council must present the Legislators with an annual policy statement and an administrative report. The Legislative Committee may also summon members of the Executive Yuan Council for questioning.

Whenever there is disagreement between the Legislative Council and Executive Yuan Council, the Legislative Committee may pass a resolution asking the Executive Yuan Council to alter the policy proposal in question. The Executive Yuan may, in turn, ask the Legislators to reconsider. Afterwards, if the Legislative Council upholds the original resolution, the premier must abide by the resolution or resign. The Executive Yuan Council may also present an alternative budgetary bill if the one passed by the Legislative Committee is deemed difficult to execute.

Executive Yuan Building

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The Executive Yuan Building was built in 1940 as the new city hall for Taipei, on the site of Huashan Elementary School.[10] After Taiwan was handed over to the Republic of China in 1945, Taipei's city hall was moved to the former campus of Jian Cheng Elementary School.[11] The old city hall building was turned over to house the provincial government for Taiwan. It became the Executive Yuan building in 1957.[12]

The Executive Yuan building has been open to the public since 2003.[13][14] It is accessible within walking distance east of Taipei Main Station or west of Shandao Temple Station of Taipei Metro.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Mao Chi-kuo named as premier (update)". focustaiwan.tw. 3 December 2014.
  2. ^ "Taiwan retains most Cabinet members in reshuffle". focustaiwan.tw. 5 December 2014.
  3. ^ a b 葉耀元 (21 February 2015). "總統制、半總統制、內閣制?台灣到底需要什麼樣的憲政框架?". 菜市場政治學. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Structure and Functions". Executive Yuan. December 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  5. ^ "Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan)-Ministries and Agencies". Ey.gov.tw. 2006-06-15. Retrieved 2014-05-07.
  6. ^ "Aviation Safety Council-About ASC-Organizations". Archived from the original on 2014-05-24. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
  7. ^ "行政院災害防救委員會 -- 首頁". www.ndppc.nat.gov.tw. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  8. ^ "Executive Yuan Officials". Executive Yuan. December 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  9. ^ "Former economics minister to oversee trade negotiations: Cabinet - Politics - FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS". 9 August 2016.
  10. ^ "Architecture - Design and Construction". Executive Yuan. Taipei, Taiwan. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  11. ^ "About MoCA". Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Architecture - Building Usage History". Executive Yuan. Taipei, Taiwan. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  13. ^ Ko Shu-ling (4 February 2003). "Take a glimpse into the government's living room". Taipei Times. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Appoitnment". Executive Yuan. Taipei, Taiwan. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
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