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Miner 2049er

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Miner 2049er
Miner 2049er cover art by Scott Ross
Developer(s)Big Five Software
Publisher(s)Big Five Software
Programmer(s)Bill Hogue[1]
Platform(s)Atari 8-bit computers, Atari 2600, Atari 5200, ColecoVision, Super Cassette Vision, Commodore 64,[2] TI-99/4A, IBM PC, Apple II, FM-7, PC-8800, Sharp X1, VIC-20
Release
  • December 1982: Atari 8-bit
  • May 1983: Atari 2600
  • July 1983: Atari 5200
  • October 1983: TI-99/4A
  • November 1983: IBM PC
Genre(s)Platform

Miner 2049er is a 1982 platform game developed for Atari 8-bit computers by Bill Hogue and released by his company, Big Five Software. The player controls Bounty Bob through multiple levels of a mine, with the goal of traversing all of the platforms while avoiding or defeating enemy mutants.

Following a string of games for the monochromatic TRS-80 computers, Miner 2049er was Hogue's first game for the Atari 8-bit line, and his first in color. It shipped on a custom 16 kilobyte ROM cartridge compared to the standard 8 kilobyte Atari computer cartridges.

Miner 2049er received positive press throughout 1983, appearing on best-of lists, with critics complimenting its colorful graphics, game design, and originality. Unlike most video games at the time which received one or two ports, Miner 2049er was ported several machine such as the TI-99/4A, IBM PC compatibles, Apple II, Commodore 64, and VIC-20 computers as well the Atari 2600, Atari 5200, ColecoVision, and Super Cassette Vision consoles.

The game influenced other platform games of the 1980s, such as Manic Miner (1983). Video magazine's editors commented on the game's popularity in January 1984, declaring it "the most widely played home electronic game of all time" and that "no home-arcade title has had the impact" that Miner 2049er had.[3] While the game received positive reviews in retrospectives from IGN and AllGame, Richard Stanton, in his book A Brief History of Video Games (2015), stated that Miner 2049er ended up mostly forgotten in the wake of Super Mario Bros. (1985).

Gameplay

[edit]
The first level in Miner 2049er. The goal of each level is to survey the mine, indicated by the floor changing as Bounty Bob walks over it.

Miner 2049er features a Mountie named Bounty Bob who has chasing a wanted criminal into a series of uranium mines. To complete a stage, Bob must survey the mine by moving left and right across every part of the floor of each level.[4] Each screen must be fully traversed within a set time indicated at the top of the screen to progress to the next level.[5][6] Levels feature different hazards such as gaps in platforms and radioactive waste to be avoided and slow moving platforms such as lifts.[7] Other modes of transportation rapidly move Bob across the stage. These include transporters that warp Bob to different numbered doors, a cannon that must be powered by collecting TNT, interconnected slides which force Bob down a path.[8][9][10] The original Atari computer and Atari 5200 versions of the game have ten different levels. This was changed in some ports: the Atari 2600 cartridge had three, the ColecoVision version has eleven, while the TI-99/4A port has eight.[11][12][13]

The player has a set amount of lives indicated at the top of the screen. The player loses them by interacting with a mutant enemies, falling from certain heights off a platform, and running out of time in a level.[14] If Bob collects prospecting gear, such as candles and drills, the mutants turn green momentarily, making them vulnerable to Bob's touch.[4][2] Points are awarded for collecting prospecting gear, eliminating enemies and the remaining time at the end of a level.[15] After the game is over, the player can add their name to a high score list if they scored high enough.[16]

Development

[edit]

Miner 2049er was programmed by Bill Hogue of Big Five Software of Van Nuys, California.[17][18] The company officially formed in 1980 and would make computer games that were sold through mail order for the TRS-80 line of computers.[19] In the 1970s and early 1980s, video game clones of popular arcade games were rampant, and this growth of clones were followed on home computers. These clones often copied the gameplay and had similar names to their original influences, with titles like Munch Man (1982) or Snapper (1982) which were derivative of Namco's Pac-Man (1980).[20] Big Five Software's games were primarily clones of popular arcade games prior to Miner 2049er.[21]

After finding that the TRS-80 game market was in decline, the team refocused their attention to making games for the Atari 400 and 800 computer line.[22] As the TRS-80 had graphics that were monochrome and described by Hogue as "limited", [23] The game was Hogue's first published game for Atari computers.[24] His team chose to develop for the line, as they felt it was the best combination of graphics and sound and that their cartridge games could not as easily be pirated.[25][26] The graphics and audio in the game are credited to Curtis A. Mikolyski, Jeff Konyu, Kelly Bakst, and Hogue.[1] It was the group's first color computer game.[26] Hogue stated that he was obsessed with the advanced color capabilities of the Atari computers: 15 different colors on the screen at any one time.[27] A black-and-white version was developed for TRS-80 computers, but it was never released.[26] The game was released on a 16-kilobyte ROM cartridge—a large amount of storage at the time, with other games for the Atari 400 and 800 computers such as Star Raiders (1980) and Missile Command (1981) requiring only 8-kilobyte ROMs.[28] The group designed their own circuit boards to store the game at this size.[26]

The gameplay for Miner 2049er was developed first, followed later by the mining theme and narrative.[29] Like their previous games, Big Five Software looked to arcade games for inspiration. Hogue recalled that the team really like the climbing-aspects of Donkey Kong (1981), and believed they could improve on the gameplay formula.[22] The game was written in assembly language on an Atari computer.[26] Hogue wanted to blend together the elements he found fun from different arcade games; specifically, the climbing from Donkey Kong and both traversing the entire screen and enemies who can be made vulnerable from Pac-Man (1980). He recollected that "I was never very good at Pac-Man, so I'm not sure why I borrowed any elements from the game."[29] The mutant enemies were also inspired by Pac-Man, with Hogue discussing he used the arcade games ability to grab items to make enemies vulnerable to defeat for a short period of time.[30] Hogue said that the team really like the climbing-aspects of Donkey Kong, and believed they could improve on the gameplay formula.[22] In Miner 2049er, Hogue described the level design "a somewhat tedious process" with all of the platforms that the player can step on being hard-coded, allowing level design to be tweaked by adjusting coordinates in the code.[31] Other traversal methods such as the cannons and transporters were made as an iterative process, and that none of those gameplay mechanics were thought of ahead of time.[9]

The games theme was inspired by the California Gold Rush of 1849, in which the miners were nicknamed 49ers.[23] Some versions of the game include a rendition of the song "Clementine". included in the game at Hogue said it fit the theme of a 1849 prospector.[30][23][11][13] The games narrative was later changed to be in the future to explain the presence of mutant enemies.[30]

No less than 15 companies were scheduled to produce versions of Miner 2049er for various video game consoles, computers, and handheld machines.[32] Mike Livesay designed the adaptations of the game for the Apple II computer and for ColecoVision.[33] Livesay initially approached Micro Fun about adapting the game for ColecoVision but was turned down by the company, which stated that they did not want third-party games. Despite this, Livesay reverse-engineered the ColecoVision and developed his own kit for it based on the Apple II. Livesay eventually got Micro Fun to agree to do the ColecoVision version of the game, allowing him time to make more levels for it. He later recalled that "six months later I was making $15,000 a month in royalties, which was a huge amount for a single, 24-year-old kid in the early '80s."[34]

Release

[edit]
=A ColecoVision video game console
ColecoVision
An Atari 5200 video game console
Atari 5200
Miner2049er was the first independently produced game released for the ColecoVision and the Atari 5200.

Miner 2049er was first released for Atari computers in December 1982. This version of the game sold well, with one review stating that it sold in similar quantities to the highly publicized Ultima II.[35][23] International Computer Group (ICG) handled the licensing of the game, with Hogue stating that "Just about every computer imaginable had a port."[23] This mass-licensing and large advertising campaign by ICG, was described by William Cassidy of GameSpy as being new for the video game industry. Most game development company would design a game for one platform, then have its in-house programmers port the game to one or two other systems if it was successful.[32] Kiren Hawken of Retro Gamer magazine said the game was released to a total of 22 different systems, including a LCD handheld game.[23] In 1983, the game was released for various systems, including the Atari 2600 in May, the Atari 5200 in July, the Colecovision in August, the TI-99/4A for October, and the IBM PC by November.[36][37][38][39][40] Miner 2049er was the first independently produced game released for the Atari 5200 and the ColecoVision.[11][13] It was released for systems like the Super Cassette Vision and some of the major Japanese 8-bit computers of the 1980s, including the PC-8800 series, Fujitsuo FM-7, and the Sharp X1.[41][42][43]

Artist Scott Ross was responsible for the cover art for Miner 2049er. Ross never looked at the game and based his design on recollections of how prospectors looked in films he had seen. Ross recalled that "there was no big discussion about what Bob looked like, and I'd no idea I'd draw the guy so many times in the future."[44]

Joaquin Boaz said in InfoWorld that Miner 2049er was "selling like crazy".[17] Computer Entertainer reported that the ColecoVision version of the game by Micro Fun was the number-one-selling video game of the year.[45] In an article published in Video magazine in January 1984, the game was described as "the most widely played home electronic game of all time", and the article also said that "no home-arcade title has had the impact" that the game had had to date.[3] In a 2007 interview, Hogue reflected on the popularity of the game, saying that it was "a simple game and it's clear at first glance what needs to be done to finish a level. But as you're playing along you discover it wasn't quite as easy as you thought."[34]

In 2001,[a] Hogue released the game and its sequel, Bounty Bob Strikes Back!, for free online with an embedded Atari 8-bit computer emulator.[47][48] Hogue said that he released it this way, as opposed to releasing the games' ROMs, as "I'd spent so much time back in the Eighties tweaking those color registers to achieve perfection and I wanted to see the game that way again."[47] Magmic released the game for mobile devices in 2007.[2] The mobile version of the game featured a new, contemporary version of the game as well as the original, which was coded from scratch.[47] Both the Atari 800 and Atari 2600 versions of Miner2049er were included as part of the Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebration (2022) compilation for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Steam, and Xbox One.[49]

Reception

[edit]

Tom Hudson in ANALOG Computing had trouble believing that the game fit on a 16K cartridge and said that it was "one of those rare games which looks as if it were designed, not just thrown together."[28] He noted that the mine and Bob weren't "just one-color graphics, but detailed multicolor objects" and that "the game itself was not abandoned in favor of graphics".[28] Boaz declared the game to be a "gourmet's delight that offers many, many levels of challenge" and applied "skillful use of colors" with its randomly generated palettes that broke up the monotony.[17] A reviewer credited as "MTY" in the magazine Softline found that despite being similar to Donkey Kong, Pac-Man, and Apple Panic, the game was original and that "unlike many arcade games, Miner doesn't require you to get faster as the pace picks up in order to attain the next level. It requires you to develop the different skills needed to survive."[35]

Computer Entertainer declared Bill Hogue the designer of the year in their 1983 awards listing.[45] Miner 2049er was awarded "1984 Electronic Game of the Year" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards by Video magazine.[3] Scott Mace of InfoWorld listed it as the "best arcade-type computer game" of 1983. Mace praised its unique gameplay elements, action, and humor, saying that "you won't find anything like Miner in the arcades. That in itself is cause for celebration."[50] Mace concluded noted that in a year of "endless adaptation of arcade games, some good, most bad", that Hogue's game "'out-donkey-kongs' Donkey Kong".[50]

Reviewing the VIC-20 version, The Video Game Update found the game "addictive" with graphics that were "less than outstanding", but said that "there are enough challenges in this game to keep the player busy for many, many hours of frustration and triumph."[51] The magazine also reviewed the Atari 2600 version, noting that the limitations of the Atari 2600 system meant that the graphics were "sacrificed somewhat" and the game was "considerably slower and less fluid than in the original computer game, but this version is still a very good game in its own right." [52] The publisher declared the Intellivision version to be the "best climbing game yet" for the system.[11]

In retrospective reviews, Computer and Video Games gave the ColecoVision version an 82% rating in 1989, recommending it for fans of traditional platform games as one of the best on the system.[54] Brett Alan Weiss reviewed the Atari 5200 version, declaring it "one of the best games of the early 1980s", noting that it was fast-paced, intricately designed, and a very long and diverse game. He said that unlike those in Donkey Kong, pathways were not immediately obvious, and this made the game fun and more challenging.[53] In their "Hall of Fame" article on the game, William Cassidy of GameSpy referring to the game as "Hogue's masterwork." Cassidy praised the graphics and game play as high quality for 1983 standards, and that the games variety was the stand out feature as most arcade games of the era had one or two screens, Miner 2049er had ten different levels.[32] Levi Buchanan of IGN declared the mobile version to be "a pixel-perfect recreation of the original", finding the controls responsive for a mobile game.[2] He found that the game was fun in 1984 and was also fun in 2007, and that the game merited a new audience. He recommended it for fans of games like Donkey Kong and BurgerTime.[2] The mobile version was later released for iOS.[55]

Legacy

[edit]

Wonder if kids today think of Miner like we do. Miner returns us to a simpler time and perhaps that's why people like to play it again.

— Miner 2049er programmer Bill Hogue in 2007[34]

Multiple games were directly influenced by Miner 2049er. In his book A Brief History of Video Games (2015), Richard Stanton, stated that Miner 2049er contributed to the popularity of platform games on computers like the ZX Spectrum.[56] This included Matthew Smith's Manic Miner (1983), one of the first major British hit computer games which was initially released for the Spectrum.[57][58][59] Smith said that Houge's game was a major influence on his game. [60][61] Manic Miner borrows thematic and gameplay elements of from Miner 2049er, such as the underground setting and oxygen levels measured with a timer.[58]

Following the games success, Hogue said that "The licensees of [Miner 2049er] were crying out for another game, so I worked with Curtis Mikolyski while we attempted to create an even better game."[23] A follow-up titled Scraper Caper was announced in 1983 but never released.[62] The game was going to have vertical scrolling and a plot involving Bounty Bob becoming a fire fighter, running into buildings to save people.[63] Hogue later said to have thrown away the disks and tapes containing Scraper Caper.[34] Hogue reflected on cancelling Scraper Caper, saying that the decision to cancel it felt foolish in retrospect considering how much work was put into the game.[63] Another unreleased follow-up was an untitled game. The game would have a three-dimension look influenced by Atari's game Crystal Castles (1983) and involved Bounty Bob being chased by fireballs. Hogue said the game production was halted as his team felt the design would not top Miner 2049er.[63]

Livesay was working on a game for Micro Fun titled Miner 2049er II, a title unrelated to Scraper Caper. The game was announced for released for the Apple II, Commodore 64, ColecoVision, and IBM PC.[64] Hogue recalled the creation of this version was due to a Micro Fun getting increasingly annoyed with Big Five Software as they had a verbal agreement to do an Apple II version of their next game. Hogue said that "It wasn’t like I wasn't getting any money out of it, but creatively I wasn't totally on board. And I don't think I had an Apple II, so I didn't have a way to play it – or even see it."[65] Miner 2049er II was released for the Apple II in the fourth quarter of 1984.[66] The next game in the series was Bounty Bob Strikes Back! (1985).[62][67] Hogue stated that following the video game crash of 1983 and the release of Bounty Bob Strikes Back!, Big Five Software started scaling back their company operations until it was run out of Hogue's home; he eventually closed the company and left the video game industry.[68][69]

Following the release of Nintendo's Super Mario Bros. (1985), Stanton described that Miner 2049er was "forgotten" and the game made Hogue's game "look like a fossil".[56] In the early 1990s, Hogue licensed Miner 2049er to Mindscape, which designed a version of the game for Game Boy. This version which featured scrolling versions of levels from both Miner 2049er and Bounty Bob Strikes Back!.[69] Hogue recalled that the Game Boy version was "a really poor sales performer" and that "The developers weren't integrating with me on a daily basis; there was more of a 'We've done it, here it is,' approach."[29][70]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The first version of the emulator, published in 2001, contains the "20010720" timestamp on its "Help/About..." window. [46]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Big Five Software, p. 3.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Buchanan 2007.
  3. ^ a b c Kunkel & Katz 1984.
  4. ^ a b Big Five Software, p. 7.
  5. ^ Big Five Software, p. 8.
  6. ^ Big Five Software, p. 12.
  7. ^ Big Five Software, p. 10.
  8. ^ Big Five Software, pp. 11–12.
  9. ^ a b Milne 2021, p. 33.
  10. ^ Big Five Software, pp. 9–10.
  11. ^ a b c d The Video Game Update 1983, p. 62.
  12. ^ The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer 1984, p. 155.
  13. ^ a b c The Video Game Update 1983, p. 39.
  14. ^ Big Five Software, pp. 12–13.
  15. ^ Big Five Software, pp. 7–8.
  16. ^ Big Five Software, p. 9.
  17. ^ a b c Boaz 1983, p. 20.
  18. ^ Digital Eclipse 2022.
  19. ^ Hawken 2016, pp. 71–72.
  20. ^ Jones 2008, p. 86.
  21. ^ Hawken 2016, p. 71.
  22. ^ a b c Hawken 2016, p. 72.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g Hawken 2016, p. 73.
  24. ^ Compute! 1982.
  25. ^ Hawken 2016, pp. 72–73.
  26. ^ a b c d e Big Five Software.
  27. ^ Big Five SoftwareA.
  28. ^ a b c Hudson 1982, p. 14.
  29. ^ a b c Grannell 2007, p. 37.
  30. ^ a b c Milne 2021, p. 32.
  31. ^ Milne 2021, pp. 32–33.
  32. ^ a b c Cassidy 2003.
  33. ^ The Video Game Updates includes Computer Entertainer 1984, p. 172.
  34. ^ a b c d Weiss 2014, p. 139.
  35. ^ a b MTY 1983, p. 36.
  36. ^ The Video Game Update 1983, p. 48.
  37. ^ The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer 1983, p. 80.
  38. ^ The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer 1983, p. 96.
  39. ^ The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer 1983, p. 119.
  40. ^ The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer 1983, p. 128.
  41. ^ I/O 1985, p. 135.
  42. ^ Fritsch 2021, pp. 233–234.
  43. ^ Big Five SoftwareB.
  44. ^ Grannell 2009, p. 67.
  45. ^ a b Computer Entertainer/The Video Game Update 1989, p. 14.
  46. ^ Hogue.
  47. ^ a b c Grannell 2007, p. 39.
  48. ^ Hogue 2007.
  49. ^ Machkovech 2022.
  50. ^ a b Mace 1983, p. 55.
  51. ^ The Video Game Update 1983.
  52. ^ The Video Game Update 1983, p. 34.
  53. ^ a b Weiss.
  54. ^ a b Computer and Video Games 1989, p. 61.
  55. ^ Patterson 2011.
  56. ^ a b Stanton 2015, p. 73.
  57. ^ Švelch 2017, p. 11.
  58. ^ a b McAlpine 2019, p. 50.
  59. ^ Švelch 2022, p. 120.
  60. ^ Jones 2008, p. 56.
  61. ^ Drury 2019, p. 42.
  62. ^ a b Digital Eclipse [I] 2022.
  63. ^ a b c Grannell 2009, p. 65.
  64. ^ Computer Entertainer 1984, p. 36.
  65. ^ Milne 2021, p. 34.
  66. ^ Computer Entertainer 1985, p. 35.
  67. ^ Digital Eclipse [II] 2022.
  68. ^ Weiss 2014, p. 35.
  69. ^ a b Milne 2021, p. 35.
  70. ^ Milne 2021, pp. 35–36.

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[edit]
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